OSPF 笔记

区域类型对应的LSA:
backbone                1   2  3  4  5 
no-backbone,no-stub     1   2  3  4  5 
stub                    1   2  3        and A Default Route
totally stubby          1   2           and A Default Route 
not-so-stubby           1   2  3  7 
nssa no-summary         1   2  7        and A Default Route

调整区域类型:
backbone                
no-backbone,no-stub     
stub               R1(config-router)#area 1 stub            
totally stubby     R1(config-router)#area 1 stub no-summary      
not-so-stubby      R1(config-router)#area 1 nssa 
nssa no-summary    R1(config-router)#area 1 nssa no-summary

查看对应的LSA:
1     R1#show ip ospf database router (该区域内的每个路由器产生)
2     R1#show ip ospf database network  (该区域内DR产生)
3     R1#show ip ospf database summary  (ABR产生)
4     R1#show ip ospf database asbr-summary (ABR产生,描述到ASBR距离)
5     R1#show ip ospf database external (ASBR产生,描述到AS外的路由)
7     R1#show ip ospf database nssa   (ASBR产生,仅在NSSA传递,ABR转换成5内到其他区域)

类型1的LSA : link-id= router-id
类型2的LSA : link-id=DR的接口IP
类型3的LSA : link-id=目的网络号
类型4的LSA : link-id= ASBR router-id
类型5的LSA : link-id= 外部网络号
类型7的LSA : link-id= 外部网络号

       5类       External LSA
在LSA5类中的Forward Address:

The value of the forwarding address specified by the autonomous system boundary router (ASBR) (Router 1 in the previous figure) can be either 0.0.0.0 or non-zero. The 0.0.0.0 address indicates that the originating router (the ASBR) is the next hop. The forwarding address is determined by these conditions: 
•        The forwarding address is set to 0.0.0.0 if the ASBR redistributes routes and OSPF is not enabled on the next hop interface for those routes. 
•        These conditions set the forwarding address field to a non-zero address:
o        OSPF is enabled on the ASBR's next hop interface AND 
o        ASBR's next hop interface is non-passive under OSPF AND 
o        ASBR's next hop interface is not point-to-point AND 
o        ASBR's next hop interface is not point-to-multipoint AND 
o        ASBR's next hop interface address falls under the network range specified in the router ospf command. 
•        Any other conditions besides these set the forwarding address to 0.0.0.0.

Type 5
Forward != 0.0.0.0
外部路由的cost = 到forward address的cost + ASBR通告的type5的metric

Forward = 0.0.0.0
外部路由的cost = 到Advertising Router(show ip ospf border-routers)的cost + ASBR通告的type5的metric

OSPF 将引入的 AS 外部路由分为两类: Type1 和 Type2 。
第一类外部路由是指接收的是 IGP ( Interior Gateway Protocol ,内部网关协议)路由(例如静态路由和 RIP 路由)。由于这类路由的可信程度较高,并且和 OSPF 自身路由的开销具有可比性,所以到第一类外部路由的开销等于本路由器到相应的 ASBR 的开销与 ASBR 到该路由目的地址的开销之和。
第二类外部路由是指接收的是 EGP ( Exterior Gateway Protocol ,外部网关协议)路由。由于这类路由的可信度比较低,所以 OSPF 协议认为从 ASBR 到自治系统之外的开销远远大于在自治系统之内到达 ASBR 的开销。所以计算路由开销时将主要考虑前者,即到第二类外部路由的开销等于 ASBR 到该路由目的地址的开销。如果计算出开销值相等的两条路由,再考虑本路由器到相应的 ASBR 的开销。
                   

Type 3
Type的路由 = 到ABR的cost(show ip ospf border-routers) + ABR通告的Type3的路由cost(show ip ospf database summary)




4 类         ASBR 汇总 LSA

 

            ASBR 汇总 LSA 通告的是一个区域外部的 ASBR 路由器,且只能在单个区域中泛洪。由外部路由起源区域的 ABR 产生,泛洪到起源区域的整个 AS 中。

 

           LSA 传播范围:泛洪到整个 AS 中,(把 ASBR 的 Router ID 传播到其他区域,让其他区域的路由器得知 ASBR 的位置。)

           LSA 通告路由器: ABR 的 Router ID (经过一个 ABR ,就会改为这个 ABR 的 Router ID )

           LSA 链路状态 ID : ASBR 的 Router ID

           LSA 包含的内容:本区域中的路由信息,包括网络号和掩码

 

注意: 在 ASBR 直连的区域内,不会产生 4 类的 LSA ,因为 ASBR 会发出 1 类的 LSA ,其中会指明自己是 ASBR 。

R1(config-if)#do show ip os da router

            OSPF Router with ID (1.1.1.1) (Process ID 100)

                Router Link States (Area 1)

  LS age: 1378
  Options: (No TOS-capability, DC)
  LS Type: Router Links
  Link State ID: 1.1.1.1
  Advertising Router: 1.1.1.1
  LS Seq Number: 8000002E
  Checksum: 0x9872
  Length: 72
  Number of Links: 4

    Link connected to: a Stub Network
     (Link ID) Network/subnet number: 10.10.10.10
     (Link Data) Network Mask: 255.255.255.255
      Number of TOS metrics: 0
       TOS 0 Metrics: 1

    Link connected to: a Stub Network
     (Link ID) Network/subnet number: 1.1.1.1
     (Link Data) Network Mask: 255.255.255.255
      Number of TOS metrics: 0
       TOS 0 Metrics: 1

    Link connected to: a Transit Network
     (Link ID) Designated Router address: 9.9.15.1
     (Link Data) Router Interface address: 9.9.15.1
      Number of TOS metrics: 0
       TOS 0 Metrics: 10

    Link connected to: a Transit Network
     (Link ID) Designated Router address: 9.9.12.1
     (Link Data) Router Interface address: 9.9.12.1
      Number of TOS metrics: 0
       TOS 0 Metrics: 10


  Routing Bit Set on this LSA
  LS age: 1728
  Options: (No TOS-capability, DC)
  LS Type: Router Links
  Link State ID: 2.2.2.2
  Advertising Router: 2.2.2.2
  LS Seq Number: 80000024
  Checksum: 0x397D
  Length: 36
  Area Border Router
  Number of Links: 1

    Link connected to: a Transit Network
     (Link ID) Designated Router address: 9.9.12.1
     (Link Data) Router Interface address: 9.9.12.2
      Number of TOS metrics: 0
       TOS 0 Metrics: 10


  Routing Bit Set on this LSA
  LS age: 1380
  Options: (No TOS-capability, DC)
  LS Type: Router Links
  Link State ID: 5.5.5.5
  Advertising Router: 5.5.5.5
  LS Seq Number: 80000014
  Checksum: 0xE6BC
  Length: 36
  Area Border Router
  AS Boundary Router
  Number of Links: 1

    Link connected to: a Transit Network
     (Link ID) Designated Router address: 9.9.15.1
     (Link Data) Router Interface address: 9.9.15.5
      Number of TOS metrics: 0
       TOS 0 Metrics: 10

i 5.5.5.5 [10] via 9.9.15.5, FastEthernet0/1, ABR/ASBR, Area 1, SPF 55
i 2.2.2.2 [10] via 9.9.12.2, FastEthernet0/0, ABR, Area 1, SPF 55
I 3.3.3.3 [20] via 9.9.15.5, FastEthernet0/1, ASBR, Area 1, SPF 55
I 3.3.3.3 [20] via 9.9.12.2, FastEthernet0/0, ASBR, Area 1, SPF 55

转载于:https://blog.51cto.com/kanghestef/243610