Tomcat -- 启动流程

web概念

软件架构
a. C/S：客户端、服务器端架构，如微信，QQ
b. B/S：浏览器、服务器端架构，如淘宝等门户网站
资源类别
a. 静态资源：所有用户访问得到的结果都一样，称为静态资源，可以直接被浏览器解析，如html、css、jpg等
b. 动态资源：每个用户访问得到的结果可能不一致，动态资源被访问后需要先转换为静态资源，再返回给浏览器，由浏览器解析，如：jsp、servlet等
网络三要素
a. ip：电子设备在网络的唯一标识
b. 端口：应用程序在计算机中的唯一标识
c. 传输协议：规定数据传输的规则

tomcat启动原理

加载tomcat配置文件，初始化容器组件，监听对应的端口号，准备接受客户端请求

启动流程

启动tomcat，执行bin/startup.bat脚本，调用catalina.bat脚本
执行调用BootStrap中main方法，调用init方法，通过反射创建Catalina对象及初始化类加载器
main方法中调用load方法，会调用Catalina的load方法
Catalina的load方法会进行Server中的一系列主键的初始化工作，并构造Digester对象，负责解析XML
加载tomcat配置文件，初始化容器组件，监听对应的端口号，准备接受客户端请求

启动源码

生命周期方法（Lifecycle）

所有组件都存在初始化、启动、停止等生命周期方法，tomcat基于生命周期管理抽象成Lifecycle接口
组件Server、Service、Container、Executor、Connector都实现Lifecycle，通过Lifecycle统一管理个组件的生命周期接口
○ init：初始化组件接口
○ start：启动组件接口
○ stop：停止组件接口
○ destroy：销毁组件接口

组件默认实现
在这里插入图片描述

源码跟踪

在这里插入图片描述

startup.bat 启动文件

:okHome
//调用catalina.bat 
set "EXECUTABLE=%CATALINA_HOME%\bin\catalina.bat"

rem Check that target executable exists
if exist "%EXECUTABLE%" goto okExec
echo Cannot find "%EXECUTABLE%"
echo This file is needed to run this program
goto end
:okExec

rem Get remaining unshifted command line arguments and save them in the
set CMD_LINE_ARGS=
:setArgs
if ""%1""=="""" goto doneSetArgs
set CMD_LINE_ARGS=%CMD_LINE_ARGS% %1
shift
goto setArgs
:doneSetArgs
//执行
call "%EXECUTABLE%" start %CMD_LINE_ARGS%
:end

catalina.bat (bootstrap.jar)

if "%CLASSPATH%" == "" goto emptyClasspath
set "CLASSPATH=%CLASSPATH%;"
:emptyClasspath
set "CLASSPATH=%CLASSPATH%%CATALINA_HOME%\bin\bootstrap.jar"

启动入口 Bootstrap.main

org.apache.catalina.startup.Bootstrap#main

public static void main(String args[]) {
    synchronized (daemonLock) {
        //执行init方法初始化，创建Catalina对象
        bootstrap.init();
        //...
        String command = "start";
        //...
        if (command.equals("startd")) {
            args[args.length - 1] = "start";
            daemon.load(args);
            daemon.start();
        } else if (command.equals("stopd")) {
            args[args.length - 1] = "stop";
            daemon.stop();
        } else if (command.equals("start")) {
            daemon.setAwait(true);
            daemon.load(args);
            daemon.start();
            if (null == daemon.getServer()) {
                System.exit(1);
            }
        } else if (command.equals("stop")) {
            daemon.stopServer(args);
        } else if (command.equals("configtest")) {
            daemon.load(args);
            if (null == daemon.getServer()) {
                System.exit(1);
            }
            System.exit(0);
        }
    }
}

Bootstrap初始化组件

解析配置xml ：org.apache.catalina.startup.Catalina#parseServerXml

初始化Bootstrap – bootstrap.init

初始化ClassLoader
通过反射创建Catalina（反射解耦）

public void init() throws Exception {
    //初始化ClassLoader
    initClassLoaders();
    Thread.currentThread().setContextClassLoader(catalinaLoader);
    SecurityClassLoad.securityClassLoad(catalinaLoader);
	//使用自定义ClassLoader类加载器 反射创建Catalina
    Class<?> startupClass = catalinaLoader.loadClass("org.apache.catalina.startup.Catalina");
    Object startupInstance = startupClass.getConstructor().newInstance();
    String methodName = "setParentClassLoader";
    Class<?> paramTypes[] = new Class[1];
    paramTypes[0] = Class.forName("java.lang.ClassLoader");
    Object paramValues[] = new Object[1];
    paramValues[0] = sharedLoader;
    //反射获取Catalina的setParentClassLoader
    Method method = startupInstance.getClass().getMethod(methodName, paramTypes);
    //设置父ClassLoader
    method.invoke(startupInstance, paramValues);
    catalinaDaemon = startupInstance;
}

因为Bootstrap这个类在Tomcat打包发布时是放在bin\bootstrap.jar中，
而Catalina类是放在lib\catalina.jar中,两个jar是用不同的ClassLoader加载的，
所以不能在Bootstrap类中直接引用Catalina类，只能通过反射。

加载Bootstrap – daemon.load(args)

执行Bootstrap的load方法
反射调用Catalina的load方法

private void load(String[] arguments) throws Exception {
    String methodName = "load";
    //....
    //获取Catalina的load方法
    Method method = catalinaDaemon.getClass().getMethod(methodName, paramTypes);
    //通过反射调用Catalina.load方法
    method.invoke(catalinaDaemon, param);
}

加载Catalina – Catalina.load

执行初始化
解析server.xml配置文件–parseServerXml
– 创建启动或者停止的xml解析器Digester
创建Server
初始化Server

public void load() {
    //执行初始化
    initDirs();
    initNaming();
    //解析server.xml配置文件
    parseServerXml(true);
    //创建Server
    Server s = getServer();
    //初始化Server
    getServer().init();
}

// 解析server.xml
protected void parseServerXml(boolean start) {
    //....
    try (ConfigurationSource.Resource resource = ConfigFileLoader.getSource().getServerXml()) {
        //创建启动或者停止的xml解析器Digester
        Digester digester = start ? createStartDigester() : createStopDigester();
        //....
    } catch (Exception e) {
        log.warn(sm.getString("catalina.configFail", file.getAbsolutePath()), e);
        if (file.exists() && !file.canRead()) {
            log.warn(sm.getString("catalina.incorrectPermissions"));
        }
    }
}

初始化Server – Lifecycle.init()

调用抽象方法，执行具体实现，初始化
模板方法模式
执行实现的StandardServer.initInternal方法初始化Server
循环初始化Service

public final synchronized void init() throws LifecycleException {
    if (!state.equals(LifecycleState.NEW)) {
        invalidTransition(Lifecycle.BEFORE_INIT_EVENT);
    }
    try {
        setStateInternal(LifecycleState.INITIALIZING, null, false);
        //调用抽象方法，执行具体实现，初始化
        initInternal();
        setStateInternal(LifecycleState.INITIALIZED, null, false);
    } catch (Throwable t) {
        handleSubClassException(t, "lifecycleBase.initFail", toString());
    }
}

protected void initInternal() throws LifecycleException {
    super.initInternal();
    //初始化
    reconfigureUtilityExecutor(getUtilityThreadsInternal(utilityThreads));
    register(utilityExecutor, "type=UtilityExecutor");
    onameStringCache = register(new StringCache(), "type=StringCache");
    // Register the MBeanFactory
    MBeanFactory factory = new MBeanFactory();
    factory.setContainer(this);
    onameMBeanFactory = register(factory, "type=MBeanFactory");
    globalNamingResources.init();

    //循环初始化Service
    for (Service service : services) {
        service.init();
    }
}

初始化Service – service.init

同初始化Server，模板方法调用 Lifecycle.init()
调用StandardService.initInternal方法
初始化Engine引擎
初始化Executor线程连接池
○ tomcat线程池与jdk线程池区别
○ tomcat自定义TaskQueue, 默认队列大小是无限大队列,
○ tomcat重写了offer入队方法,
○ 如果线程池线程数量小于线程池最大线程池,则入队失败(会直接开启非核心线程接收请求,而非入队)
初始化监听器
初始化Connector连接器

protected void initInternal() throws LifecycleException {
    super.initInternal();
	//初始化Engine引擎
    if (engine != null) {
        engine.init();
    }
    //初始化Executor线程池
    for (Executor executor : findExecutors()) {
        if (executor instanceof JmxEnabled) {
            ((JmxEnabled) executor).setDomain(getDomain());
        }
        executor.init();
    }
    // 初始化监听器
    mapperListener.init();
    //初始化Connector连接器
    synchronized (connectorsLock) {
        for (Connector connector : connectors) {
            connector.init();
        }
    }
}

初始化Connector – Connector.initInternal

初始化CoyoteAdapter适配器
初始化ProtocolHandler

protected void initInternal() throws LifecycleException {
    // 初始化CoyoteAdapter
    adapter = new CoyoteAdapter(this);
    protocolHandler.setAdapter(adapter);
	//....
    //初始化ProtocolHandler
    protocolHandler.init();
}

初始化ProtocolHandler

初始化EndPoint

public void init() throws Exception {
    //....
    String endpointName = getName();
    endpoint.setName(endpointName.substring(1, endpointName.length()-1));
    endpoint.setDomain(domain);
	//初始化EndPoint
    endpoint.init();
}

初始化EndPoint – AbstractEndpoint.init

绑定Servlet
注册EndPoint

public final void init() throws Exception {
    if (bindOnInit) {
        //绑定Servlet相关能力
        bindWithCleanup();
        bindState = BindState.BOUND_ON_INIT;
    }
    if (this.domain != null) {
        // 注册EndPoint
        oname = new ObjectName(domain + ":type=ThreadPool,name=\"" + getName() + "\"");
        Registry.getRegistry(null, null).registerComponent(this, oname, null);
        ObjectName socketPropertiesOname = new ObjectName(domain + ":type=SocketProperties,name=\"" + getName() + "\"");
        socketProperties.setObjectName(socketPropertiesOname);
        Registry.getRegistry(null, null).registerComponent(socketProperties, socketPropertiesOname, null);
        for (SSLHostConfig sslHostConfig : findSslHostConfigs()) {
            registerJmx(sslHostConfig);
        }
    }
}

绑定Servlet

初始化ServerSocket
初始化SSL

public void bind() throws Exception {
    //初始化ServerSocket
    initServerSocket();

    setStopLatch(new CountDownLatch(1));

    //初始化SSL
    initialiseSsl();

    selectorPool.open(getName());
}

//初始化ServerSocket
protected void initServerSocket() throws Exception {
    if (!getUseInheritedChannel()) {
        serverSock = ServerSocketChannel.open();
        socketProperties.setProperties(serverSock.socket());
        InetSocketAddress addr = new InetSocketAddress(getAddress(), getPortWithOffset());
        serverSock.socket().bind(addr,getAcceptCount());
    } else {
        Channel ic = System.inheritedChannel();
        if (ic instanceof ServerSocketChannel) {
            serverSock = (ServerSocketChannel) ic;
        }
        if (serverSock == null) {
            throw new IllegalArgumentException(sm.getString("endpoint.init.bind.inherited"));
        }
    }
    serverSock.configureBlocking(true); //mimic APR behavior
}

Bootstrap启动

启动Bootstrap – bootstrap.start

如果没有初始化，则在此初始化
反射调用Catalina的start方法

public void start() throws Exception {
    //如果没有初始化，则在此初始化
    if (catalinaDaemon == null) {
        init();
    }
	//反射调用Catalina的start方法
    Method method = catalinaDaemon.getClass().getMethod("start", (Class [])null);
    method.invoke(catalinaDaemon, (Object [])null);
}

启动Catalina.start

启动Server
启动失败则销毁Server

public void start() {
    //启动Server
    try {
        getServer().start();
    } catch (LifecycleException e) {
        try {
            //启动失败则销毁
            getServer().destroy();
        } catch (LifecycleException e1) {
            log.debug("destroy() failed for failed Server ", e1);
        }
        return;
    }

    if (generateCode) {
        // Generate loader which will load all generated classes
        generateLoader();
    }

    // Register shutdown hook
    if (useShutdownHook) {
        if (shutdownHook == null) {
            shutdownHook = new CatalinaShutdownHook();
        }
        Runtime.getRuntime().addShutdownHook(shutdownHook);

        LogManager logManager = LogManager.getLogManager();
        if (logManager instanceof ClassLoaderLogManager) {
            ((ClassLoaderLogManager) logManager).setUseShutdownHook(
                false);
        }
    }

    if (await) {
        await();
        stop();
    }
}

启动Server – Lifecycle.start

调用抽象方法，执行具体实现，初始化
模板方法模式
执行实现的StandardServer.startInternal方法启动Server
循环启动Service


public final synchronized void start() throws LifecycleException {
	//....
    setStateInternal(LifecycleState.STARTING_PREP, null, false);
    //
    startInternal();

}

protected void startInternal() throws LifecycleException {

    //循环启动service
    synchronized (servicesLock) {
        for (Service service : services) {
            service.start();
        }
    }

    if (periodicEventDelay > 0) {
        monitorFuture = getUtilityExecutor().scheduleWithFixedDelay(
            new Runnable() {
                @Override
                public void run() {
                    startPeriodicLifecycleEvent();
                }
            }, 0, 60, TimeUnit.SECONDS);
    }
}

启动Service – StandardService.startInternal

启动Engine引擎
启动Executor线程连接池
启动监听器
启动Connector连接器

protected void startInternal() throws LifecycleException {
    // 启动Engine引擎
    if (engine != null) {
        synchronized (engine) {
            engine.start();
        }
    }
	//启动Executor线程连接池
    synchronized (executors) {
        for (Executor executor: executors) {
            executor.start();
        }
    }
	//启动监听器
    mapperListener.start();
    //启动Connector连接器
    synchronized (connectorsLock) {
        for (Connector connector: connectors) {
            if (connector.getState() != LifecycleState.FAILED) {
                connector.start();
            }
        }
    }
}

启动Connector – Connector.startInternal

设置状态
启动ProtocolHandler

protected void startInternal() throws LifecycleException {
	//设置状态
    setState(LifecycleState.STARTING);
	//启动ProtocolHandler
    protocolHandler.start();
}

启动ProtocolHandler – AbstractProtocol.start

public void start() throws Exception {
    //启动Endpoint
    endpoint.start();
    monitorFuture = getUtilityExecutor().scheduleWithFixedDelay(
        new Runnable() {
            @Override
            public void run() {
                if (!isPaused()) {
                    startAsyncTimeout();
                }
            }
        }, 0, 60, TimeUnit.SECONDS);
}

启动Endpoint

初始化连接
启动接收的线程

public final void start() throws Exception {
    if (bindState == BindState.UNBOUND) {
        bindWithCleanup();
        bindState = BindState.BOUND_ON_START;
    }
    startInternal();
}

public void startInternal() throws Exception {
	//初始化连接
    initializeConnectionLatch();
    //启动接收的线程
    startAcceptorThread();
}

Acceptor接收器 – socket.accept

实现Runnable
run方法接收客户端请求
socket.accept监听接收客户端请求

public class Acceptor<U> implements Runnable {
    @Override
    public void run() {
        //接收客户端请求
        socket = endpoint.serverSocketAccept();
    }
}
//socket.accept监听接收客户端请求
protected SocketChannel serverSocketAccept() throws Exception {
    return serverSock.accept();
}

参考资源： Java进阶教程Tomcat核心原理解析